Leukaemia, a complex form of cancer affecting the blood and bone marrow, is often misunderstood. This article aims to shed light on leukaemia, delving into its types, causes, and prevalence in Nigeria. We seek to provide clear, informative content for our readers.
What is Leukemia?
Leukaemia is a cancer of the blood-forming tissues, including the bone marrow and lymphatic system. It leads to the overproduction of abnormal white blood cells, impairing the body's infection-fighting ability and disrupting normal blood cell production.
Types of Leukemia
Leukaemia is categorized based on which cells are affected and how quickly it progresses. The four main types are:
- Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL): Most common in children, ALL affects lymphocyte cells and progresses rapidly. It can cause fatigue, fever, and an increased risk of infections.
- Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): AML affects myeloid cells and progresses quickly. It's more common in adults and can lead to symptoms like anaemia, bleeding disorders, and skin rashes.
- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL): Primarily affecting older adults, CLL progresses more slowly than acute forms and may not require immediate treatment. It often presents with swollen lymph nodes and fatigue.
- Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML): CML typically affects adults and progresses slowly at first. It's often diagnosed through blood tests before symptoms develop.
The exact cause of leukaemia is unknown, but factors like genetic predisposition, exposure to certain chemicals or radiation, and a history of blood disorders can increase the risk.
Leukaemia in Nigeria
Leukaemia remains a significant health concern in Nigeria. The lack of comprehensive cancer registries challenges the determination of its exact prevalence, but awareness and diagnostic improvements are shedding light on its impact.
Symptoms to Watch For
Symptoms include fatigue, fever, frequent infections, easy bruising or bleeding, and weight loss. Early detection through awareness of these symptoms is crucial for effective treatment.
Conclusion
Understanding leukaemia is critical to recognizing and addressing it effectively. Stay informed and consult healthcare professionals for advice and check-ups.
